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________ acts as a holding bin, retaining information in a highly accurate form until we can select items for attention.


A) The sensory register
B) Short-term memory
C) Working memory
D) Long-term memory

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Long-term memories undergo a gradual period of consolidation before they "solidify" and become stable.

A) True
B) False

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A long-lasting increase in the strength of synaptic responsiveness is called long-term potentiation.

A) True
B) False

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When a word is on the "tip-of-the-tongue," what errors are likely until the target word is recalled?

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A good answer will include the following...

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________ is an especially vivid memory of an emotional event.


A) Reconstructive memory
B) A flashbulb memory
C) Semantic memory
D) Procedural memory

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Procedural memory is defined as the conscious, intentional recollection of an event.

A) True
B) False

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________ is a memory system that includes short-term memory and executive processes that control attention and retrieval.


A) Procedural memory
B) Declarative memory
C) Working memory
D) Semantic memory

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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________ memory refers to a vivid, detailed recollection of an emotional event.


A) Semantic
B) Declarative
C) Flashbulb
D) Episodic

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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In general, psychologists agree that the inability to remember experiences during the first years of life is due to the defense mechanism of repression.

A) True
B) False

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George Miller's famous estimate of the capacity of short-term memory is the "magical 2 to 20 range."

A) True
B) False

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In the three-box model, all incoming information from the outside world must make a brief stop in the sensory register.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following ways of measuring explicit memory are usually the easiest for the person being tested?


A) recognition
B) recall
C) relearning
D) referral

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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According to the decay theory, forgetting occurs because:


A) new information is "recorded over" old information.
B) similar items of information interfere with one another.
C) memories simply fade with time if they are not accessed now and then.
D) the cues needed to recall the memory are not present.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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A practiced juggler relies on __________ memory to keep the balls in the air.


A) semantic
B) episodic
C) procedural
D) declarative

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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In a classic study of eyewitness accounts and leading questions, people were shown short films showing car collisions. How did the wording of the questions about the accidents influence participants' estimates of the speed the cars were traveling at the time of the collision?

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A good answer will include the following...

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The parallel distributed processing (PDP) model of memory represents the contents of memory as connections among a huge number of interacting processing units, distributed in a vast network and all operating in parallel.

A) True
B) False

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Chad remembers the feeling of excitement in his house when his mother stepped through the door with his new baby sister. He can still picture the tiny little baby with a stocking cap on her head! His parents can't convince him that he actually stayed with his grandparents for two weeks after his sister was born and that his memory never happened! Chad's memory is an example of:


A) anterograde amnesia.
B) confabulation.
C) psychogenic amnesia.
D) repression.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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The inability to distinguish what you originally experienced from what you heard or were later told about an event is called source misattribution.

A) True
B) False

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Flashbulb memories, unlike other memories, are accurate records of the past.

A) True
B) False

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Another name for the parallel distributed processing (PDP) model of memory is the:


A) interaction model.
B) multiple process model.
C) connectionist model.
D) long-term potentiation model.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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