Question 1

Money is to food as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  delayed reinforcer;immediate reinforcer
B)  secondary reinforcer;primary reinforcer
C)  discrimination;generalization
D)  partial reinforcement;continuous reinforcementE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 2

The more often Matthew is scolded following a temper tantrum,the more frequently he loses his temper.In this case,the scolding serves as a ________ for Matthew's temper tantrums.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcer
B)  conditioned stimulus
C)  positive reinforcer
D)  punishmentE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Which researcher first realized that certain "psychic secretions" pointed to a simple but important form of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  B.F.Skinner
B)  Rosalie Rayner
C)  John B.Watson
D)  Ivan PavlovE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Researchers condition a flatworm to contract its body to a light by repeatedly pairing the light with electric shock.The stage in which the flatworm's contraction response to light is first established and gradually strengthened is called

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination.
B)  acquisition.
C)  generalization.
D)  spontaneous recovery.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Five-year-old Trevor is emotionally withdrawn and refuses to communicate with anyone.To get him to speak,his teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance,then only for a clearly spoken word,and finally only for a complete sentence.The teacher is using the method of

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary reinforcement.
B)  delayed reinforcement.
C)  spontaneous recovery.
D)  shaping.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following are most clearly activated both by picking up a spoon and by simply watching another person pick up a spoon?

Accepted Answer

A)  prosocial behaviors
B)  taste aversions
C)  cognitive maps
D)  mirror neuronsE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

To quickly teach a dog to roll over on command,you would be best advised to use

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning rather than operant conditioning.
B)  partial reinforcement rather than continuous reinforcement.
C)  immediate reinforcers rather than delayed reinforcers.
D)  negative reinforcers rather than positive reinforcers.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Bandura's experiments indicate that ________ is important in the process of learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  extrinsic motivation
B)  shaping
C)  modeling
D)  secondary reinforcementE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

The use of physical punishment may

Accepted Answer

A)  lead to the suppression but not the forgetting of undesirable behavior.
B)  model aggression as a way of coping with problems.
C)  lead people to fear and avoid the punishing agent.
D)  have all of these results.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished,Marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin's new cocker spaniel.Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination.
B)  spontaneous recovery.
C)  observational learning.
D)  an unconditioned response.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 11

After receiving a couple of traffic tickets for speeding,Masako no longer drives faster than the legal speed limit.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning.
B)  negative reinforcement.
C)  spontaneous recovery.
D)  punishment.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Resistance to extinction is most strongly encouraged by ________ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  delayed
B)  intermittent
C)  conditioned
D)  negativeE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 13

Children often imitate the exact aggressive actions seen on television and online videos.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)  modeling.
B)  latent learning.
C)  respondent behavior.
D)  delayed reinforcement.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Salivating in response to the taste of meat and later in response to a tone associated with the taste of meat most clearly involves

Accepted Answer

A)  observational learning.
B)  operant conditioning.
C)  spontaneous recovery.
D)  respondent behavior.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

After recovering from a serious motorcycle accident,Gina was afraid to ride a motorcycle but not a bicycle.Gina's pattern of fear best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction.
B)  spontaneous recovery.
C)  discrimination.
D)  observational learning.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Although 5-year-old Katelyn is not really thirsty,she frequently begins whining for a glass of water about 10 minutes after being put to bed.Her parents would be best advised

Accepted Answer

A)  not to reward her whining with a glass of water.
B)  to provide her with a very small drink of water.
C)  to close her bedroom door to indicate that they disapprove of her whining.
D)  to read her a short story so she forgets about the glass of water.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Mason,a stockbroker,runs two miles every day after work because it reduces his level of stress.Mason's habit of running is maintained by a ________ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive
B)  negative
C)  conditioned
D)  partialE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

After Jimmy was bitten by a dog,he became afraid of all dogs.He has since been exposed to many tame dogs in safe settings,and his fear of dogs has gradually faded.Jimmy's diminishing fear of dogs best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  operant behavior.
B)  spontaneous recovery.
C)  extinction.
D)  acquisition.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Megan fails to see any connection between how hard she works and the size of her annual pay raises.As a result,she no longer puts much effort into her job,even though she really wants a big raise.This best illustrates the importance of ________ in the operant conditioning of work habits.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic motivation
B)  biological constraints
C)  latent learning
D)  cognitive processesE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Purchasing state lottery tickets is reinforced with monetary winnings on a ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-interval
B)  variable-interval
C)  fixed-ratio
D)  variable-ratioE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Exam 6: Learning

Bandura's experiments indicate that ________ is important in the process of learning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Money is to food as ________ is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which researcher first realized that certain "psychic secretions" pointed to a simple but important form of learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children often imitate the exact aggressive actions seen on television and online videos.This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The more often Matthew is scolded following a temper tantrum,the more frequently he loses his temper.In this case,the scolding serves as a ________ for Matthew's temper tantrums.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers condition a flatworm to contract its body to a light by repeatedly pairing the light with electric shock.The stage in which the flatworm's contraction response to light is first established and gradually strengthened is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished,Marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin's new cocker spaniel.Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although 5-year-old Katelyn is not really thirsty,she frequently begins whining for a glass of water about 10 minutes after being put to bed.Her parents would be best advised

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To quickly teach a dog to roll over on command,you would be best advised to use

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are most clearly activated both by picking up a spoon and by simply watching another person pick up a spoon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Megan fails to see any connection between how hard she works and the size of her annual pay raises.As a result,she no longer puts much effort into her job,even though she really wants a big raise.This best illustrates the importance of ________ in the operant conditioning of work habits.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After receiving a couple of traffic tickets for speeding,Masako no longer drives faster than the legal speed limit.This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Resistance to extinction is most strongly encouraged by ________ reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Salivating in response to the taste of meat and later in response to a tone associated with the taste of meat most clearly involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Purchasing state lottery tickets is reinforced with monetary winnings on a ________ schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mason,a stockbroker,runs two miles every day after work because it reduces his level of stress.Mason's habit of running is maintained by a ________ reinforcer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After recovering from a serious motorcycle accident,Gina was afraid to ride a motorcycle but not a bicycle.Gina's pattern of fear best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After Jimmy was bitten by a dog,he became afraid of all dogs.He has since been exposed to many tame dogs in safe settings,and his fear of dogs has gradually faded.Jimmy's diminishing fear of dogs best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Five-year-old Trevor is emotionally withdrawn and refuses to communicate with anyone.To get him to speak,his teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance,then only for a clearly spoken word,and finally only for a complete sentence.The teacher is using the method of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The use of physical punishment may

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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