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Exam 1: The Science of Biology

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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Besides Darwin,the theory of evolution by means of natural selection was also independently proposed by:

A) Alfred Wallace.
B) Charles Lyell.
C) Thomas Malthus.
D) Karl Popper.
E) Peter Raven.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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Dr.Edward Jenner realized that cows have a disease called cowpox,which is like a disease that infects humans called smallpox; Jenner noticed that milkmaids whose hands were infected with cowpox were not contracting smallpox.Jenner infected a child with the pus from a cowpox blister,and found that the child did not contract smallpox.Which statement represents a supporting hypothesis?

A) The cowpox infection will prevent the child from being infected by the smallpox virus.
B) The cowpox infection will have no effect on the child's immunity to the smallpox virus.
C) The smallpox virus was so similar to the cowpox virus that the child's immune system recognized it and was able to fight it.
D) The cowpox virus prevented the smallpox virus from entering the child's immune system.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Question 3

Multiple Choice

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Most individuals in academia are basic researchers,funded through research grants from agencies or foundations.Based on your knowledge of applied research,an industrial company would most likely employ individuals

Marceau is studying small single-celled organisms that contain phospholipid membranes.These organisms can be broadly classified into the domain:

The rate at which evolution is occurring cannot be estimated by:

You have been assigned to address a problem of overpopulation of species X in a nearby county.One of the members of your team suggests introducing species Y,which is a natural predator of species X,but not normally found in the area.After some discussion,you go ahead and introduce species Y.What aspects of the hierarchical organization may be affected within a period of a several years?

Viruses contain DNA or RNA,but lack genes necessary for metabolism and reproduction.Why are viruses not considered to be alive?

Structures that have similar structure and function but different evolutionary origins are called:

The hypothesis that closely matches the data provided is:

Karl Popper suggested that scientists use "imaginative preconception," which means that successful scientists:

After Darwin concluded his voyage on the Beagle,he proposed that the process of natural selection was a mechanism for:

A student set up an experiment to test if plants give off water vapor.Fifty pea plants,growing in pots,were covered with individual glass containers and left overnight.The next morning,the inside of each lid was covered in droplets of water.The lab student concluded that plants generally give off water vapor.What critique would you make of the experimental design?

In California,a species of salamanders were geographically separated over time.The group that lived in southern California relied heavily on large gold blotches on their skin that helped to camouflage them from predators.The group that lived along the coast adopted a color pattern that mimicked a poisonous,colorful newt common to that area.Instead of being camouflaged,these salamanders advertised their colors.What type of selection process has occurred over time?

Wings of birds and butterflies have similar functions,but different evolutionary origins.They are:

Differences in domesticated animals over relatively short periods of time most likely occur through:

You have been assigned to analyze some extraterrestrial material recently collected from Mars.After examining a sample using a microscope you jump up excitedly and shout to your colleagues that you have confirmed the existence of life on Mars.One of your colleagues takes a look at your sample and remarks that all he sees is a single-celled "blob" with little internal structure.Assuming that life on Mars can be classified into similar domains and kingdoms as Earth,to which domain does your "blob" belong?

Based on the literature,you hypothesize that students in traditional biology lectures will have the same grades as students in online biology lectures.You decide to test your hypothesis by comparing grades of students in traditional and online biology lectures over a semester.As a result of the experiment,you observe that the grades in the traditional lectures and the grades in the online lectures are not significantly different.What do these observations allow you to do?

If you were to design a long-term research study to determine why there are no human births in Lapland during the months of August,September,and October,you would need to also examine a comparison population of humans in which births took place every month.The primary reason for including a comparison population within the design of this experiment would be to:

A student poses the question: How does the presence of dissolved salt affect the freezing point of water? To answer this question,the student set up two conditions.In the first condition,the student added salt to water in a container and referred to this condition as the variable.In the second condition,the student did not add any salt to water in a second container and referred to this condition as the control.The student took both containers and attempted to freeze the water at various temperatures to assess the freezing point.Would this be a valid experiment?

Darwin's book in which he described his views on evolution is: