Question 1

Cytokines mediate a variety of processes in the immune system, for example, ________ encourages inflammatory responses and ________ suppresses the actions of immune cells.

Accepted Answer

A)   TNF-β; IL-10
B)   IL-10; TNF-β
C)   erythropoietin; TNF-β
D)   seratonin; histamine
E)   IL-10; IL-7F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 2

A properly functioning immune system is responsible for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   surveillance of the body
B)   recognition of foreign material
C)   destruction of foreign material
D)   All of the choices are correct.
E)   Only recognition of foreign material and destruction of foreign material are correct.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 3

The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   skin
B)   respiratory tract
C)   digestive tract
D)   urinary tract
E)   eyesF) None of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 4

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)   Interferon alpha and beta-inhibits viral replication
B)   Interleukin-2-stimulates T-cell mitosis and B-cell antibody production
C)   Serotonin-causes smooth muscle contraction
D)   Prostaglandins-activate eosinophils and B cells
E)   Tumor necrosis factor-increases chemotaxis and phagocytosisF) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 5

Each of the following are granulocytes except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   neutrophils
B)   eosinophils
C)   lymphocytes
D)   basophils
E)   All of the choices are granulocytes.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is not a chief function of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Start tissue repair
B)   Destroy microbes
C)   Mobilize and attract immune components to injury site
D)   Block further invasion
E)   Cause a feverF) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 7

The ________ system of blood proteins acts to lyse foreign cells and viruses.

Accepted Answer

A)   humoral immunity
B)   cell-mediated
C)   complement
D)   lymphoid
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

Which of the following fluid compartments is not a partner in immune function?

Accepted Answer

A)   Bloodstream
B)   Extracellular fluid
C)   Lymphatic system
D)   Intracellular fluidE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Which of the following is not a type of phagocyte?

Accepted Answer

A)   Neutrophil
B)   Macrophage
C)   Kupffer cell
D)   Monocyte
E)   LymphocyteF) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 10

Which of the following is not an event of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Diapedesis
B)   Chemotaxis
C)   Phagolysosome formation
D)   Destruction
E)   IngestionF) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 11

The lab performs a complete blood count with cell differential while the patient is still in the office. The results show an elevated white blood cell count, as well as a high neutrophil count. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Bacterial infection
B)   Viral infection
C)   Protozoan infection
D)   Helminth infectionE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   primary phagocytes
B)   neutrophils
C)   killer T cells
D)   cytotoxic T cells
E)   macrophagesF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

Which of the following is not a component of the second line of defense?

Accepted Answer

A)   Keratin
B)   Complement
C)   Inflammation
D)   Phagocytosis
E)   FeverF) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 14

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are called ________ because they have prominent cytoplasmic inclusions that, in a stained blood smear, appear with identifying, characteristic colors.

Accepted Answer

A)   leukocytes
B)   granulocytes
C)   agranulocytes
D)   monocytes
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

Plasma is also called lymph.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The patient asks why the laceration is puffy, and has become itchy. Which of the following statements by the nurse is the most appropriate response?

Accepted Answer

A)   This is a normal response to injury. Blood has rushed to the area, fluid is leaking from the damaged vessels, and chemical mediators called cytokines are causing you to itch.
B)   This is a normal response to injury. Your body is building up pressure around the wound to stop the bleeding, and the wood likely left internal splinters that are causing you to itch.
C)   This is a concerning sign. I will call the doctor now to lance the swollen area, and in the meantime, I will apply hydrogen peroxide to the wound.
D)   This is a concerning sign. Edema and pruritus are early signs of gangrene. To help the swelling, hold your hand above your heart to decrease blood flow to the area.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

What type of molecules act to draw phagocytes to foreign substances?

Accepted Answer

A)   MALTs
B)   RES
C)   PAMPs
D)   BALTs
E)   LysosomesF) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 18

Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood and has hormones that function in maturation of T lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Lymph nodes
B)   Thymus
C)   Spleen
D)   GALT
E)   TonsilsF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

Which of the following is mismatched dealing with inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Rubor-redness
B)   Calor-warmth
C)   Tumor-cancer
D)   Dolar-pain
E)   None of these are mismatched.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

All the following are events of early inflammation except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis
B)   chemical mediators and cytokines are released
C)   brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation
D)   exudate and pus can accumulate
E)   capillaries become more permeable resulting in edemaF) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Exam 12: Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are called ________ because they have prominent cytoplasmic inclusions that, in a stained blood smear, appear with identifying, characteristic colors.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a component of the second line of defense?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each of the following are granulocytes except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A properly functioning immune system is responsible for ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The patient asks why the laceration is puffy, and has become itchy. Which of the following statements by the nurse is the most appropriate response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of molecules act to draw phagocytes to foreign substances?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following fluid compartments is not a partner in immune function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cytokines mediate a variety of processes in the immune system, for example, ________ encourages inflammatory responses and ________ suppresses the actions of immune cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ________ system of blood proteins acts to lyse foreign cells and viruses.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plasma is also called lymph.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is mismatched?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not an event of phagocytosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The lab performs a complete blood count with cell differential while the patient is still in the office. The results show an elevated white blood cell count, as well as a high neutrophil count. What does this indicate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a chief function of inflammation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood and has hormones that function in maturation of T lymphocytes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is mismatched dealing with inflammation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a type of phagocyte?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All the following are events of early inflammation except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Cytokines mediate a variety of processes in the immune system, for example, encourages inflammatory responses and suppresses the actions of immune cells.

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