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Exam 8: Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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Question 21

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A population of birds is found on a remote island. Which of the following information is most important in deciding if the birds all belong to a single species?

A) That all the birds appear to eat the same range of food.
B) Whether they can breed with one another.
C) Whether the matings produce viable eggs or offspring of some matings are sterile.
D) That they share many physical characteristics.
E) That the males all sing very similar songs.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Question 22

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Contrary to popular belief, the Endangered Species Act allows _______________.

A) habitats of protected species to be developed or logged as long as no individuals are killed
B) international trade in protected species to aid in times of economic hardship
C) endangered species to be hunted as long as records are kept of numbers and sex of individuals taken
D) landowners to harm a protected species in one area if they protect it in another
E) landowners to kill endangered species for food if necessary

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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Question 23

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What are the major causes of the sixth mass extinction event, and why is it of particular concern?

A migratory bat species pollinates agave plants in northern Mexico on its way to the southwestern United States where it spends the summer eating insects and reproducing. Farmers spraying pesticides affect these bats, which eat the insects and also feed them to the baby bats. This could be the start of a story about ________________.

Read the following scenario and answer the question below. Many biologists and environmental educators are interested in maintaining biodiversity in urban landscapes, where preserves or reserves are scarce unless land has been set aside for them in urban planning. Nonetheless, they have discovered that making even small changes in commercial and residential landscaping can help promote biodiversity. Some of the changes that have been recommended and are having success are using native species for street trees and for decorative landscaping, reducing pesticide use on lawns and gardens and reducing fertilizer use through composting and mulching. Also, managers of schools, larger businesses and residences are encouraged to increase habitat diversity by creating ʺlandscape islandsʺ that include larger trees surrounded by shrubs and herbaceous plants. Landscape islands ideally should include native species, mixed with exotic ornamentals at the discretion of the land owners. -From your experiences with the lawn and the butterfly garden, you can affirm that _______________.

Read the following scenario and answer the question below. Many biologists and environmental educators are interested in maintaining biodiversity in urban landscapes, where preserves or reserves are scarce unless land has been set aside for them in urban planning. Nonetheless, they have discovered that making even small changes in commercial and residential landscaping can help promote biodiversity. Some of the changes that have been recommended and are having success are using native species for street trees and for decorative landscaping, reducing pesticide use on lawns and gardens and reducing fertilizer use through composting and mulching. Also, managers of schools, larger businesses and residences are encouraged to increase habitat diversity by creating ʺlandscape islandsʺ that include larger trees surrounded by shrubs and herbaceous plants. Landscape islands ideally should include native species, mixed with exotic ornamentals at the discretion of the land owners. -The butterflies you established in your yard are now thriving, but you notice that some of the caterpillars are suffering from predators and parasites. After some study and consultation, you decide to _______________.

Use the figure above to answer the following question -Loss of aesthetic and spiritual ties with nature would be less if we ________________.

Bullfrog tadpoles are often sold as fish bait, even in areas where they do not occur naturally. When people buy 10 of them and donʹt use them all, they often dump the remainder into the lake or river. This is an example of ____________________.

What is the Endangered Species Act? Describe one of its successes and explain some of the current controversies surrounding it.

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Differences in DNA composition among individuals within a given species

Of the following, _________________ can change local species diversity but not global species diversity.

In general, successfully introduced non-native species experience _________________.

Use the figure above to answer the following question -Direct consequences of biodiversity loss are ______________.

Read the following scenario and answer the question below. Many biologists and environmental educators are interested in maintaining biodiversity in urban landscapes, where preserves or reserves are scarce unless land has been set aside for them in urban planning. Nonetheless, they have discovered that making even small changes in commercial and residential landscaping can help promote biodiversity. Some of the changes that have been recommended and are having success are using native species for street trees and for decorative landscaping, reducing pesticide use on lawns and gardens and reducing fertilizer use through composting and mulching. Also, managers of schools, larger businesses and residences are encouraged to increase habitat diversity by creating ʺlandscape islandsʺ that include larger trees surrounded by shrubs and herbaceous plants. Landscape islands ideally should include native species, mixed with exotic ornamentals at the discretion of the land owners. -You also decide to greatly reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers you use in your landscape and rely more on mulching and composting. This will benefit your yard ʺecosystemʺ by _______________.

The wood thrush makes its nest in woodlands in the northern and eastern United States. As patches of woods become smaller, increasing numbers of wood thrush nests have eggs laid in them by the brown-headed cowbird. Cowbirds live in open fields and are nest parasites; the female cowbird flies up to an unattended nest, quickly lays an egg in another birdʹs nest, and leaves the host parents to raise their ʺadoptedʺ young. Wood thrushes are decreasing in numbers because _______________.

What is the greatest contributing factor in the loss of polar bears in arctic areas?

The causes of the current (sixth) mass extinction include all of these, but not _______________.

______________ classify species using an organismʹs physical appearance and genetic makeup.

Is extinction natural? How has the extinction rate changed over time? Why are extinction rates today different than in the past?

Provide several reasons why our estimates of species numbers are incomplete.