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Exam 1: The Science of Biology

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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The proposal that one type of organism can change gradually into another type over a long period of time is known as:

A) preconception.
B) preservation.
C) natural history.
D) evolution.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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Differences in domesticated animals over relatively short periods of time most likely occur through:

A) natural selection
B) artificial selection
C) adaptation
D) experimental selection

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Question 3

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Experiments are carried out to test a hypothesis by changing one variable at a time and including an unchanged variable termed a(n) _____.

Darwin's book in which he described his views on evolution is:

How does peer review influence the development of scientific theories?

Based on the experimental design, what is the control?

Your microwave will not turn on, and you speculate that a circuit breaker in the house has been tripped.In scientific terminology, the steps would be described as:

In California, a species of salamanders were geographically separated over time.The group that lived in southern California relied heavily on large gold blotches on their skin that helped to camouflage them from predators.The group that lived along the coast adopted a color pattern that mimicked a poisonous, colorful newt common to that area.Instead of being camouflaged, these salamanders advertised their colors.What type of selection process has occurred over time?

If you were to design a long-term research study to determine why there are no human births in Lapland during the months of August, September, and October, you would need to also examine a comparison population of humans in which births took place every month.The primary reason for including a comparison population within the design of this experiment would be to:

Why was the determination of the actual sequence of the human genome considered to be descriptive science?

A student poses the question: How does the presence of dissolved salt affect the freezing point of water? To answer this question, the student set up two conditions.In the first condition, the student added salt to water in a container and referred to this condition as the variable.In the second condition, the student did not add any salt to water in a second container and referred to this condition as the control.The student took both containers and attempted to freeze the water at various temperatures to assess the freezing point.Would this be a valid experiment?

Marceau is studying small single-celled organisms that contain phospholipid membranes.These organisms can be broadly classified into the domain:

A suggested explanation that might be true and is subject to testing by further observations is a(n) :

A yellow jacket, an insect in the order hymenoptera, stung me.A wasp, an insect in hymenoptera, stung me.A hornet, an insect in hymenoptera, stung me.I see a pattern.All insects in this order must have stingers.What type of reasoning does this represent?

Dr.Edward Jenner realized that cows have a disease called cowpox, which is like a disease that infects humans called smallpox; Jenner noticed that milkmaids whose hands were infected with cowpox were not contracting smallpox.Jenner infected a child with the pus from a cowpox blister, and found that the child did not contract smallpox.Which statement represents a supporting hypothesis?

Structures that have similar structure and function but different evolutionary origins are called:

Viruses contain DNA or RNA, but lack genes necessary for metabolism and reproduction.Why are viruses not considered to be alive?

Based on the experimental design, what is the dependent variable?

What type of logic is being used when the pediatrician uses the graph to make conclusions about Luke's progress?

Essay on the Principle of Population, written by Thomas Malthus in 1798, influenced Darwin's thoughts as he struggled to understand what mechanisms could be at work to produce evolution.Malthus proposed that populations of animals and plants, including humans,