Question 1

The phosphorylation of glucose when it enters a cell accomplishes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Makes the glucose more water soluble
B)   Prevents back diffusion out of the cell
C)   Isomerize the glucose
D)   Activates the glucose for further reaction
E)   Both B and D are correct.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 2

Glycogen synthesis requires a short primer chain. Explain how new glycogen molecules are synthesized given this limitation.

Accepted Answer

In the synthesis of new glycogen molecul...

Question 3

In glycolysis __________ moles of ATP are produced per mole of glucose consumed.

Accepted Answer

A)   one
B)   two
C)   three
D)   four
E)   fiveF) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 4

In anaerobic organisms pyruvate is used to regenerate cellular __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   NADP+
B)   FADH
C)   FAD
D)   NAD+
E)   ADPF) A) and B)
G) B) and C) D

Question 5

In glycolysis __________ moles of NADH are produced per mole of glucose consumed.

Accepted Answer

A)   one
B)   two
C)   three
D)   four
E)   fiveF) None of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 6

A glycogen molecule that has been degraded to its branch points is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   dextrin
B)   glucose
C)   amylose
D)   limit dextrin
E)   Both A and B are correct.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 7

What is the principle reason that organisms such as yeast produce alcohol?

Accepted Answer

Such organisms utilize acetald...

Question 8

The Crabtree effect in yeast is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   fermentation of glucose
B)   repression of aerobic metabolism by glucose
C)   repression of glycolysis by oxygen
D)   repression of glucose metabolism by ethyl alcohol
E)   fermentation of ethyl alcoholF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

Allosteric regulation of which of the following enzymes is important in the regulation of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hexokinase
B)   PFK-1
C)   Pyruvate kinase
D)   Both A and C are correct.
E)   All of the above are correct.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 10

Conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate has two purposes. One is the commitment of the molecule to glycolysis; the second is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   raising the free energy of the system
B)   making possible the formation of a second mole of ATP
C)   preventing the cleavage products of the next step from diffusing out of the cell
D)   preventing the reverse reaction
E)   enolization of the productF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 11

Describe the physiological condition that activates gluconeogenesis. What prevents competition between gluconeogenesis and glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in the liv...

Question 12

List the three principle hormones that regulate glucose metabolism. Briefly explain the effects these molecules have on carbohydrate metabolism.

Accepted Answer

The three principle hormones that regula...

Question 13

Describe the effects of insulin and glucagon on glycogen metabolism.

Accepted Answer

The general effect of insulin is to lowe...

Question 14

What cell types produce insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Insulin and glucagon are produced within pancreatic F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10and F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cells respectively. Epinephrine and cortisol are produced by cells in the adrenal glands in response to stress.

Question 15

A diauxic shift is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   a significant change in gene expression
B)   shifting from aerobic to anerobic respiration
C)   shifting from anerobic to aerobic respiration
D)   change in composition of microbes in a sample
E)   change in the amount of ATP used to ferment glucoseF) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 16

Flux of which of the following sugars into the glycolytic pathway is essentially unregulated.

Accepted Answer

A)   Glucose
B)   Fructose
C)   Glucose-1-phosphate
D)   Both A and C are correct
E)   None of the above are correctF) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 17

The Embden-Myerhof pathway is also referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   gluconeogenesis
B)   glycogenolysis
C)   glycolysis
D)   glycogenesis
E)   citric acid cycleF) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 18

Upon entering a cell, glucose is phosphorylated. Give two reasons why this reaction is required.

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation of glucose upon entry into the cells prevents leakage of the molecule out of the cell and facilitates its binding to the active sites of enzymes.

Question 19

What happens to pyruvate under anaerobic conditions in aerobic cells?

Accepted Answer

Under anaerobic cond...

Question 20

What reaction is catalyzed by hexokinase?

Accepted Answer

Hexokinase catalyzes...

Exam 8: Carbohydrate Metabolism

The phosphorylation of glucose when it enters a cell accomplishes which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glycogen synthesis requires a short primer chain. Explain how new glycogen molecules are synthesized given this limitation.

Correct AnswerverifiedIn the synthesis of new glycogen molecul...View AnswerShow Answer

In glycolysis __________ moles of ATP are produced per mole of glucose consumed.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In anaerobic organisms pyruvate is used to regenerate cellular __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

In glycolysis __________ moles of NADH are produced per mole of glucose consumed.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A glycogen molecule that has been degraded to its branch points is called __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the principle reason that organisms such as yeast produce alcohol?

Correct AnswerverifiedSuch organisms utilize acetald...View AnswerShow Answer

The Crabtree effect in yeast is __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Allosteric regulation of which of the following enzymes is important in the regulation of glycolysis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate has two purposes. One is the commitment of the molecule to glycolysis; the second is __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the physiological condition that activates gluconeogenesis. What prevents competition between gluconeogenesis and glycolysis?

Correct AnswerverifiedGluconeogenesis occurs mainly in the liv...View AnswerShow Answer

List the three principle hormones that regulate glucose metabolism. Briefly explain the effects these molecules have on carbohydrate metabolism.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe three principle hormones that regula...View AnswerShow Answer

Describe the effects of insulin and glucagon on glycogen metabolism.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe general effect of insulin is to lowe...View AnswerShow Answer

What cell types produce insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol?

Correct AnswerverifiedInsulin and glucagon are produced within pancreatic F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10and F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cells respectively. Epinephrine and cortisol are produced by cells in the adrenal glands in response to stress.

A diauxic shift is __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Flux of which of the following sugars into the glycolytic pathway is essentially unregulated.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Embden-Myerhof pathway is also referred to as __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Upon entering a cell, glucose is phosphorylated. Give two reasons why this reaction is required.

Correct AnswerverifiedPhosphorylation of glucose upon entry into the cells prevents leakage of the molecule out of the cell and facilitates its binding to the active sites of enzymes.

What happens to pyruvate under anaerobic conditions in aerobic cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedUnder anaerobic cond...View AnswerShow Answer

What reaction is catalyzed by hexokinase?

Correct AnswerverifiedHexokinase catalyzes...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
In the synthesis of new glycogen molecul...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
D

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Such organisms utilize acetald...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in the liv...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
The three principle hormones that regula...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
The general effect of insulin is to lowe...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Insulin and glucagon are produced within pancreatic F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10and F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cells respectively. Epinephrine and cortisol are produced by cells in the adrenal glands in response to stress.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Phosphorylation of glucose upon entry into the cells prevents leakage of the molecule out of the cell and facilitates its binding to the active sites of enzymes.

Correct Answer
verified
Under anaerobic cond...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Hexokinase catalyzes...
View Answer