Question 1

In societies with occupational specialization, __________ may be asked to convey messages or requests for healing to higher powers.

Accepted Answer

A)   priests
B)   shamans
C)   physicians
D)   sorcerersE) B) and C)
F) A) and D) A

Question 2

Lack of adequate nutrition usually results in what conditions for children?

Accepted Answer

A)   retarded weight and height
B)   tooth deformity
C)   cognitive difficulties
D)   lower social and economic standing in their societyE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Do people in your own society have any beliefs regarding the role of supernatural forces in health and illness? Give examples, and compare these to cross-cultural patterns identified by medical anthropologists.

Accepted Answer

The ideal answer should include:
1. Spe...

Question 4

In a cross-cultural study of 139 societies, George P. Murdock found __________ societies that did not have the belief that gods or spirits could cause illness.

Accepted Answer

A)   two
B)   seven
C)   10
D)   20E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 5

Which illness is thought of as a "culture-bound syndrome"?

Accepted Answer

A)   anorexia nervosa
B)   diabetes mellitus
C)   depression
D)   hypertensionE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 6

As it stands today, the medical profession cannot tell us __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   why the effectiveness of treatments varies from one group to another
B)   which treatments are most effective for killing a virus
C)   what medical side effects may come from a particular treatment
D)   the major risk factors involved in spreading common diseasesE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Which is an example of a major cultural shift in a U.S. medical practice over time?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fathers used to be excluded from birth, and mothers were only allowed to hold newborns infrequently.
B)   We used to treat diseases such as polio and measles as viruses, but we now know that they are bacteria.
C)   Vegetarianism used to be viewed as a healthy option, but is now linked to anemia and fatigue.
D)   Doctors in the past were trained in sociology and psychology, but today their focus is strictly on the body.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 8

Consistent with the biomedical paradigm, physicians tend to treat patients __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   as having conditions, rather than as complete people
B)   with a consideration of the mind-body balance
C)   for humoral and dietary imbalance
D)   for underlying causes rather than for obvious symptomsE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Why is the ritual aspect of many ethnomedical traditions so perplexing to westerners?

Accepted Answer

A)   There is an assumption in biomedicine that the mind is fundamentally different from the body.
B)   We have no such rituals in our culture, and so do not understand why they are important.
C)   There is evidence that ritual actually worsens the outcome of treatment.
D)   Western cultures believe that the less fuss you make over an illness, the faster it will go away.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Compare and contrast the methods used by physicians and shamans.

Accepted Answer

The ideal answer should include:
1. Sim...

Question 11

Which of the following must be balanced in the ethnomedicine of many Latin American and Caribbean cultures?

Accepted Answer

A)   hot and cold
B)   good and evil
C)   male and female
D)   light and darkE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

In their study of Maya ethnomedicine, Elois Ann Berlin and Brent Berlin have shown that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   their remedies have properties not that different from biomedical treatments
B)   their treatment of disease is based entirely on the concept of balance
C)   Western treatments fail to work in the Maya culture and environment
D)   Maya women have among the most comprehensive knowledge of medicinal plantsE) None of the above
F) C) and D) A

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of cultural practices that cause biomedical treatments to be ineffective?

Accepted Answer

A)   the anti-vaccination movement in the United States
B)   physical education classes in elementary school
C)   the option of tablets or injections for migraine treatment
D)   food nutrition labels required by lawE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

For most women in the world today, what is the biggest risk factor for becoming infected with HIV?

Accepted Answer

A)   being married
B)   age at first birth
C)   ethnic group
D)   nutritional statusE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Patients with __________ education are __________ likely to seek alternatives to physicians.

Accepted Answer

A)   more; more
B)   less; more
C)   scientific; less
D)   religious; lessE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Why do the poor often have more exposure to disease than wealthier people?

Accepted Answer

A)   They live in more crowded conditions.
B)   They tend to be dirty.
C)   They are uneducated on how to get rid of disease.
D)   They are just unlucky.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D) A

Question 17

Why is health generally not the focus of the biomedical paradigm?

Accepted Answer

A)   Health is thought to be the absence of disease.
B)   Health is an abstract concept that cannot be measured.
C)   Doctors are more concerned with longevity than with feeling well.
D)   Health is an idea borrowed from Eastern cultures.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

What factors do medical anthropologists think we need to consider if we are to reduce the suffering in human life?

Accepted Answer

A)   biological and social
B)   cultural and political
C)   cultural and social
D)   biological and politicalE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 19

In socially stratified societies, the relative frequency of many diseases, health problems, and death rates varies directly with what factor?

Accepted Answer

A)   social class
B)   ethnicity
C)   level of education
D)   religious beliefsE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 20

Which are perhaps the most important medical practitioners in societies lacking full-time occupational specialization?

Accepted Answer

A)   shamans
B)   priests
C)   physicians
D)   sorcerersE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 17: Health and Illness

In societies with occupational specialization, __________ may be asked to convey messages or requests for healing to higher powers.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Lack of adequate nutrition usually results in what conditions for children?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Do people in your own society have any beliefs regarding the role of supernatural forces in health and illness? Give examples, and compare these to cross-cultural patterns identified by medical anthropologists.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe ideal answer should include: 1. Spe...View AnswerShow Answer

In a cross-cultural study of 139 societies, George P. Murdock found __________ societies that did not have the belief that gods or spirits could cause illness.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which illness is thought of as a "culture-bound syndrome"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As it stands today, the medical profession cannot tell us __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is an example of a major cultural shift in a U.S. medical practice over time?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Consistent with the biomedical paradigm, physicians tend to treat patients __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is the ritual aspect of many ethnomedical traditions so perplexing to westerners?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare and contrast the methods used by physicians and shamans.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe ideal answer should include: 1. Sim...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following must be balanced in the ethnomedicine of many Latin American and Caribbean cultures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In their study of Maya ethnomedicine, Elois Ann Berlin and Brent Berlin have shown that __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following is an example of cultural practices that cause biomedical treatments to be ineffective?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For most women in the world today, what is the biggest risk factor for becoming infected with HIV?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Patients with __________ education are __________ likely to seek alternatives to physicians.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do the poor often have more exposure to disease than wealthier people?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Why is health generally not the focus of the biomedical paradigm?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What factors do medical anthropologists think we need to consider if we are to reduce the suffering in human life?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In socially stratified societies, the relative frequency of many diseases, health problems, and death rates varies directly with what factor?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which are perhaps the most important medical practitioners in societies lacking full-time occupational specialization?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The ideal answer should include:
1. Spe...
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The ideal answer should include:
1. Sim...
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Patients with education are likely to seek alternatives to physicians.

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