Question 1

Manic episodes in bipolar disorder include elevated or irritable mood and increased abnormal activity lasting at least:

Accepted Answer

A)   1 day
B)   3 days
C)   1 week
D)   2 weeks
E)   1 monthF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 2

Evolutionary explanations for phobias are challenged by:

Accepted Answer

A)   All of these
B)   None of these
C)   Very low levels of motivation in depressed individuals
D)   Increased risk of suicide in depressed individuals
E)   Evolutionary explanations being conjecture and speculationF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 3

Evolutionary explanations for depressive disorders are supported by Watson and Andrews' (2002)  concept of:

Accepted Answer

A)   Social motivation
B)   Socialisation
C)   Social learning
D)   Social navigation
E)   Social attributionF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

The four most common types of depressive disorder are:

Accepted Answer

A)   Unipolar (major) , manic, multipolar, and dysthymic
B)   Unipolar (major) , bipolar, multipolar, and dysthymic
C)   Unipolar (major) , bipolar, manic, and dysthymic
D)   Unipolar (major) , bipolar, manic, and seasonal (SA
D)  
E)   Unipolar (major) , bipolar, dysthymic, and seasonal (SA
D)  F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 5

The factors that cause depression may be external (or reactive)  or internal, which is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   Inward
B)   Passive
C)   Interior
D)   Endogenous
E)   ProactiveF) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 6

Psychological therapies such as behaviour, cognitive, or cognitive-behavioural therapy are criticised because they tend to:

Accepted Answer

A)   Focus on early childhood experiences
B)   Ignore the basic underlying causes of depression
C)   Not address improving mood
D)   Not address change
E)   Produce a very slow rate of improvementF) A) and E)
G) A) and B) B

Question 7

Behavioural explanations for depression suggest that these are learned when individuals find their efforts are:

Accepted Answer

A)   Associated with failure
B)   Modelled by others
C)   Poorly rewarded or punished
D)   Associated with being anti-social
E)   Hampered by personal stressF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 8

Validity, in diagnostic testing, means the tests are:

Accepted Answer

A)   Measuring what is intended to be measured
B)   The same for every depressive disorder sufferer
C)   Highly variable
D)   Different when done by different psychologists
E)   All of theseF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 9

Biochemical explanations for depression suggest that normal control of noradrenaline and dopamine is prevented by low levels of:

Accepted Answer

A)   Stress hormones
B)   Acetylcholine
C)   Serotonin
D)   Cortisol
E)   AdrenalineF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 10

Many people with major depression also suffer from another psychopathology, which is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   Constancy
B)   Cooperation
C)   Coincidence
D)   Conflict
E)   ComorbidityF) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

Depression is a psychopathology that is classified as a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   Panic disorder
B)   Anxiety disorder
C)   Mood disorder
D)   Affect disorder
E)   Biological disorderF) A) and B)
G) C) and D) B

Question 12

Reliability, in diagnostic testing, means the findings are:

Accepted Answer

A)   Different when done by different psychologists
B)   The same for every depressive disorder sufferer
C)   Highly variable
D)   Different at different times
E)   Accurate and consistentF) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 13

Social (life events)  explanations of depression typically depend on retrospective data, which means that:

Accepted Answer

A)   Serious life events occur a year before the depression develops
B)   Causality can be established
C)   Causality cannot be established
D)   More serious life events have occurred
E)   Less serious life events have occurredF) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

Problems with biological therapy using drugs include:

Accepted Answer

A)   All of these
B)   Treating symptoms rather than causes
C)   Being less effective if a second or third course of treatment is needed
D)   Having unwanted and unpleasant side-effects
E)   None of theseF) None of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 15

Biological explanations of major depressive disorders focusing on genetics compare concordance rates in twins, which are the percentage of:

Accepted Answer

A)   Both twins having the disorder
B)   How many twin pairs are identical (MZ) 
C)   How many twin pairs are fraternal (DZ) 
D)   How many twins were raised apart
E)   How many twins were raised togetherF) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 16

Depression is characterised by an abnormally:

Accepted Answer

A)   Elated mood
B)   Gloomy mood
C)   Fearful mood
D)   Depressed mood
E)   Miserable moodF) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 17

Cognitive theory suggests that depression is the result of:

Accepted Answer

A)   Social and genetic biases
B)   Challenging social norms
C)   Problems in adulthood
D)   Actual loss
E)   Negative schemas and thinkingF) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

Concordance rates support genetic causes for depressive disorders if the rate for identical twins is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Much less than for fraternal twins
B)   Much greater than for fraternal twins
C)   The same as for fraternal twins
D)   Greater for adoptive parents than biological parents
E)   The same for adoptive and biological parentsF) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 19

The diagnosis of a major depressive disorder depends on:

Accepted Answer

A)   Emotional, manic, somatic, and cognitive symptoms
B)   Emotional, motor, somatic, and cognitive symptoms
C)   Emotional, motivational, sensory, and cognitive symptoms
D)   Emotional, motivational, somatic, and coping symptoms
E)   Emotional, motivational, somatic, and cognitive symptomsF) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 20

Psychodynamic theory regards depressive disorders as repressed anger directed at the self as a result of:

Accepted Answer

A)   Individual sexuality
B)   Problems in adulthood
C)   Fixation at the anal stage
D)   Actual or symbolic loss
E)   Repressed anger against same-sex parentsF) B) and C)
G) A) and B) D

Exam 10: Psychopathology: Depression

Manic episodes in bipolar disorder include elevated or irritable mood and increased abnormal activity lasting at least:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evolutionary explanations for phobias are challenged by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evolutionary explanations for depressive disorders are supported by Watson and Andrews' (2002) concept of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The four most common types of depressive disorder are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The factors that cause depression may be external (or reactive) or internal, which is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychological therapies such as behaviour, cognitive, or cognitive-behavioural therapy are criticised because they tend to:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Behavioural explanations for depression suggest that these are learned when individuals find their efforts are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Validity, in diagnostic testing, means the tests are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biochemical explanations for depression suggest that normal control of noradrenaline and dopamine is prevented by low levels of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many people with major depression also suffer from another psychopathology, which is known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Depression is a psychopathology that is classified as a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Reliability, in diagnostic testing, means the findings are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social (life events) explanations of depression typically depend on retrospective data, which means that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Problems with biological therapy using drugs include:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biological explanations of major depressive disorders focusing on genetics compare concordance rates in twins, which are the percentage of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Depression is characterised by an abnormally:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cognitive theory suggests that depression is the result of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Concordance rates support genetic causes for depressive disorders if the rate for identical twins is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The diagnosis of a major depressive disorder depends on:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychodynamic theory regards depressive disorders as repressed anger directed at the self as a result of:

Correct AnswerverifiedD

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B

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B

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D