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National Hospital Organization (NHO) ,a political lobbying group,wants a certain healthcare cost-reimbursement policy enacted into law. If NHO's policy conflicts with the U.S. Constitution,a law embodying it can be imposed by


A) Congress.
B) a federal court.
C) the President.
D) none of the choices.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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A confederal form of government is a confederation of independent states with a central government of very limited powers.

A) True
B) False

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Orin claims that a Pennsylvania state statute infringes on his "substantive due process" rights. This claim focuses on


A) procedures used to make decisions to take life,liberty,or property.
B) the content of the statute.
C) the similarity of the treatment of similarly situated individuals.
D) the steps to be taken to protect Orin's privacy.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Some constitutional protections apply to business entities.

A) True
B) False

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Under the Constitution,the judicial branch interprets the laws.

A) True
B) False

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The Eighth Amendment prohibits excessive bail and fines.

A) True
B) False

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Under the First Amendment,in comparison with commercial speech,the protection given obscene speech is


A) equally extensive.
B) less extensive.
C) more extensive.
D) non-existent.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Ryan,a follower of a certain religion,sells an article to Sunday! magazine in which he insists that Congress base all federal law on his religious principles. The First Amendment guarantees Ryan's


A) freedom of religion.
B) right to engage in interstate commerce.
C) right to due process.
D) right to privacy.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Sustainable Crops Corporation regularly expresses opinions on political issues,including whether to ban the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) . Under the First Amendment,corporate political speech is


A) discouraged.
B) forbidden.
C) protected.
D) required.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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The Constitution sets forth specific powers that can be exercised by the national government and provides that the national government has the implied power to undertake actions necessary to carry its expressly designated powers. All other powers are expressly reserved to


A) none of the choices.
B) the states.
C) the national government.
D) the people.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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The First Amendment protects defamatory speech.

A) True
B) False

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A decision by the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on the amount of carbon that can be emitted from a car's exhaust system conflicts with a California state law. In this situation,under the supremacy clause,


A) both the decision and the law are invalid.
B) both the decision and the law apply concurrently.
C) California's law takes precedence.
D) the EPA's decision takes precedence.

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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