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The Supreme Court case Franklin v.Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992) is important Because it


A) asserted that violations of Title IX of the 1972 Education Act could be remedied
With monetary damages.
B) permitted public schools to experiment with gender segregation.
C) narrowed the free speech rights that students enjoyed at school.
D) ruled that busing was unconstitutional.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Based on the history of Supreme Court decisions on affirmative action,which of the following university admissions policies would be MOST likely to survive a constitutional challenge?


A) a policy that automatically awarding 40 points (out of 100) to African American,Latino,and Native American applicants
B) a policy that reserves 25 of 100 positions at the university for African American,Latino,and Native American applicants
C) a policy that doubles the GPA and SAT scores for African American,Latino,and Native American applicants
D) a policy that considers race as one factor among many in an attempt to achieve a diverse student body

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The Supreme Court's decision in Obergefell v.Hodges (2015) was significant because it


A) guaranteed same-sex couples the right to marry in all states and required states to recognize same-sex marriages performed in other jurisdictions.
B) upheld the constitutionality of state-level bans on same-sex marriage.
C) asserted that there was no constitutional right to privacy for consensual homosexual activity.
D) asserted that there was a constitutional right to privacy for consensual homosexual activity.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The right to "bear arms" is one of the most controversial liberties in contemporary American politics.Explain the origins of this controversy by discussing the constitutional basis for the "right to bear arms," the existing variation in gun regulations across states and the Supreme Court's recent decisions on the constitutionality of gun control laws.

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The exclusionary rule was applied to all levels of government by the Supreme Court in Which case?


A) Miranda v.Arizona (1966)
B) Near v.Minnesota (1931)
C) Mapp v.Ohio (1961)
D) Griswold v.Connecticut (1965)

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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C

DeJonge v.Oregon (1937) and Everson v.Board of Education (1947) were significant Supreme Court cases because they


A) asserted that the First Amendment applied only to the national government and not to state governments.
B) incorporated provisions of the Bill of Rights through the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
C) upheld the constitutionality of bills of attainder.
D) protected the right of habeas corpus.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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The Civil Rights Act of 1964


A) eliminated the Department of Justice and replaced it with the Department of Civil Rights.
B) created an independent circuit of federal courts devoted entirely to school desegregation litigation.
C) prohibited the Justice Department from implementing federal court orders to desegregate schools unless at least three individual parents filed formal complaints.
D) authorized the Justice Department to implement federal court orders to desegregate schools without having to wait for individual parents to bring complaints.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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What is the right to privacy and what is the constitutional basis for it? Discuss three areas of law that directly involve questions about how far the right to privacy extends.In your answer,be sure to mention at least one Supreme Court case for each area of law.

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Which of the following statements about grand juries is MOST accurate?


A) The Fifth Amendment provision for a grand jury has never been incorporated into the Fourteenth Amendment to apply to state criminal prosecutions.
B) The Fifth Amendment provision for a grand jury was incorporated into the Fourteenth Amendment to apply to state criminal prosecutions in 1802.
C) The Fifth Amendment provision for a grand jury was incorporated into the Fourteenth Amendment to apply to state criminal prosecutions in 1902.
D) The Fifth Amendment provision for a grand jury was incorporated into the Fourteenth Amendment to apply to state criminal prosecutions in 1962.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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The rights of disabled individuals to access public businesses is guaranteed by the


A) Civil Rights Act of 1964.
B) Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.
C) amended Civil Rights Act of 1991.
D) federal courts,not laws passed by Congress.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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West Virginia State Board of Education v.Barnette (1943) was significant because it


A) endorsed the free exercise of religion even when it was offensive to the beliefs of the majority.
B) allowed the use of tax-supported vouchers for religious schools.
C) established a constitutional right to privacy.
D) banned prayers in public schools.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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The requirement that a person under arrest be informed of his or her right to remain silent is Known as the ________ rule.


A) Mapp
B) Gideon
C) Miranda
D) Escobedo

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which Supreme Court case was related to the publication of the so-called Pentagon Papers?


A) New York Times v.United States
B) New York Times v.Sullivan
C) Near v.Minnesota
D) Branzburg v.Hayes

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following contains or would have contained the sentence,"equality of rights under The law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex"?


A) the Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act
B) the Fourteenth Amendment
C) the Equal Rights Amendment
D) the Declaration of Independence

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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In EEOC v.Abercrombie & Fitch Stores,Inc.(2015) ,the Supreme Court ruled that


A) the Ten Commandments cannot be displayed at a privately owned retail store.
B) Title VII of the U.S.Code prevents retail stores from refusing to hire Muslim women who wear head scarves in violation of company dress policies.
C) Title VII of the U.S.Code allows retail stores to refuse hiring Muslim women who wear head scarves in violation of company dress policies.
D) Native Americans cannot be fired from their jobs at privately owned companies for smoking peyote during religious ceremonies.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Describe the piecemeal nationalization of the Bill of Rights throughout American history.In particular,discuss the Supreme Court's pre-Civil War interpretation of the scope of the Bill of Rights,the Fourteenth Amendment,and the process of selective incorporation.

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The so-called wall of separation between church and state is best found in which clause of The Constitution?


A) the free exercise clause
B) the establishment clause
C) the equal protection clause
D) the wall of separation clause

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The Second Amendment to the U.S.Constitution deals with


A) the right to bear arms.
B) the quartering of troops.
C) due process.
D) self-incrimination.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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A

After the Civil War,which amendments to the U.S.Constitution offered African Americans The most hope for achieving full citizenship rights?


A) the First,Second,and Third amendments
B) the Fifth,Sixth,and Seventh amendments
C) the Thirteenth,Fourteenth,and Fifteenth amendments
D) The Twentieth,Twenty-First,and Twenty-Second amendments

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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C

The ________ clause of the First Amendment protects an individual's right to believe and Practice whatever religion he or she chooses.


A) establishment
B) free association
C) free exercise
D) religious freedom restoration

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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