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Gabrielle,a sales manager,often sets impossible performance goals for her team members as a result of which they never succeed and their motivation suffers.Eventually,the team members' performance started to deteriorate.Which of the following key consequences of behavior does this scenario exemplify?


A) Positive reinforcement
B) Negative reinforcement
C) Termination
D) Extinction
E) Empowerment

F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Growth needs in Alderfer's ERG theory are similar to self-actualization needs in Maslow's needs hierarchy.

A) True
B) False

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Low need for affiliation and moderate to high need for power are associated with managerial success.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is true of job enrichment?


A) It involves assigning new tasks involving the same level of responsibility.
B) It involves restructuring a job to make it more rewarding and motivating.
C) It involves shifting a person from one job to another to alleviate boredom.
D) It involves a raise in the amount of compensation to motivate people.
E) It involves doing one task at a time in order to improve efficiency.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Though not universally important,the needs for achievement,growth,and self-actualization are profoundly important in the United States,Canada,and Great Britain.

A) True
B) False

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Instrumentality is the:


A) perceived likelihood that performance will be followed by a particular outcome.
B) value that the expected outcome holds for the person contemplating it.
C) belief that performance will surely result in the perceived outcomes.
D) perceived likelihood that employees' efforts will enable them to attain their performance goals.
E) perceived likelihood that a person will repeat the behavior that led to positive reinforcement.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Identify the similarities between Alderfer's and Maslow's needs theories.

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Giving people additional tasks at the same time to alleviate boredom is referred to as:


A) job enrichment.
B) task significance.
C) job enlargement.
D) task orientation.
E) job development.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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Which of the following behavioral modification methods does James utilize?


A) Termination
B) Punishment
C) Negative reinforcement
D) Positive reinforcement
E) Arbitration

F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

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According to the Hackman and Oldham model of job enrichment,people will perform better when they feel responsible,their job has meaning,and they know how well they are performing.

A) True
B) False

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Instrumentality is employees' perception of the likelihood that their efforts will enable them to attain their performance goals.

A) True
B) False

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Describe several important categories of a QWL program using examples.

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Quality of Work Life (QWL) programs are ...

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A satisfied worker is always more productive than a dissatisfied one.

A) True
B) False

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The performance-to-outcome link in the expectancy theory is called:


A) valence.
B) instrumentality.
C) expectancy.
D) equity.
E) reinforcement.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

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According to equity theory,employees compare their outcomes and inputs to others' outcomes and inputs.

A) True
B) False

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According to McClelland's research,the need for achievement is:


A) a desire to be liked by others.
B) a desire to influence others.
C) often perceived negatively.
D) important to most American managers.
E) a desire to control others.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Failure to provide positive feedback for a job well done,resulting in lower motivation thereafter is an example of a(n) :


A) punishment.
B) extinction.
C) positive reinforcement.
D) negative reinforcement.
E) disempowerment.

F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Discuss the five core job dimensions stated in the Hackman and Oldham model of job design.

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Which of the following statements is supported by the equity theory?


A) Inequity causes dissatisfaction.
B) Equity will result in an effort to restore balance.
C) If the ratios of outcomes / inputs are equivalent,people will be dissatisfied.
D) Assessments of equity are usually made objectively.
E) Equity causes people to be dissatisfied with their treatment.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

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From Scenario A,it can be inferred that Henry believes in the law of ____.


A) effect
B) return
C) demand
D) equity
E) relativity

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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