A) bacteria that degrade sludge
B) corn plants that are resistant to herbicides
C) bacteria that undergo mutations frequently
D) cattle that secrete therapeutic proteins into their milk
E) carrots that produce influenza virus proteins that can be used as vaccines
G) C) and D)
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A) normal replication, but gaps remain in the sugar-phosphate DNA backbone.
B) failure to remove introns from the primary mRNA.
C) incompletely processed primary mRNA that does not get translated properly.
D) translation to initiate normally, but fail to proceed to elongation.
E) DNA strands to separate normally, but fail to join nucleotides in the growing nucleotide chain.
G) A) and E)
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B) False
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A) is double-stranded, whereas DNA is not.
B) may double back and base pair with itself, whereas DNA does not.
C) is never single-stranded, whereas DNA may or may not be.
D) can self-replicate, whereas DNA replication requires enzymes.
E) is replicated along with DNA, but does not require strand separation like DNA does.
G) D) and E)
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A) unwinding, complementary base pairing, and joining.
B) base doubling, unwinding, and joining.
C) complementary base pairing, transcription, and translation.
D) unwinding, transcription, and translation.
E) unwinding, base doubling, and base pairing.
G) A) and C)
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A) is helical.
B) has a repeated pattern.
C) is both helical and has a repeated pattern.
D) contains beta sheets arranged in a repeated pattern.
E) contains alpha helices and beta sheets.
G) None of the above
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A) jumps into an exon of another gene.
B) jumps into an intron of another gene.
C) jumps into an intergenic DNA sequence.
D) remains trapped within an intergenic DNA sequence.
E) interacts with a physical mutagen.
G) None of the above
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A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 20%
D) 30%
E) 40%
G) A) and D)
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A) rRNA
B) tRNA
C) mRNA
D) DNA
E) protein
G) C) and E)
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A) replication
B) translation
C) transcription
D) transformation
E) base pairing
G) B) and C)
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