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Exam 17: Procedures for Identifying Pathogens and Diagnosing Infections

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Question 21

True/False

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Culture of patient specimens to detect pathogens is usually done on blood agar plates only.

A) True
B) False

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Question 22

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Affixing antigen to an inert particle such as a latex bead is sometimes used in which type of test?

A) cross-reactions
B) agglutination
C) precipitation
D) specificity
E) sensitivity

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Question 23

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Describe the indirect ELISA test that is used as a screening test for HIV (AIDS) and include the following: a) sequence of procedures, b) reagents used, and c) detection and interpretation of a positive test.

Allergy testing, which is accomplished by injecting tiny amounts of allergen into the skin and examining the injection site for a reaction, is an example of an in vitro test.

The property of a test to detect even small amounts of antibodies or antigens that are test targets is

All of the following are routine biochemical tests to aid in identifying a species, except

Precipitation tests involve all of the following, except

The Widal test is used for diagnosing salmonellosis.

Maggie was told she has a positive titer to measles.Which of the following could explain this?

Identify, describe, and discuss the objectives of the three main categories of identifying infectious agents using specific examples.

A serum titer involves

A physician orders an antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer test to check for rheumatic fever.A patient serum sample is exposed to known suspensions of streptolysin and then allowed to incubate with RBCs.If the patient does have rheumatic fever, what will happen?

Which of the following is not a biochemical test used to identify a pathogen?

Horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase are enzymes used in _____ tests.

Which of the following methods is categorized as a direct test in order to analyze a specimen?

Why do many physicians feel that stool cultures are not necessary, except in certain circumstances when diagnosing GI tract infections?

Serological testing always involves reactions between specific antibody and antigen.

In indirect fluorescent testing, fluorescent _____ are used to react with the Fc region of another, specific, serum antibody.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding the complement fixation test?

In lab, a student observes some dull, wrinkled brown colonies growing on their agar.They Gram stain the sample and observe single bacilli.Their blood agar does not reveal any hemolysis while their MSA has growth and fermentation.Using the following table and the given observations, determine which microorganism this would most likely be. $\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Bacilli } & \text { B. cereus } & \text { B. subtilis } \\\hline \text { Colony morphology } & \text { Dull, frosted colonies } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Dull, wrinkled colonies cream to } \\\text { brown colors }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Microscopic arrangement } & \text { Chains } & \text { Single bacilli } \\\hline \text { Catalase } & + & + \\\hline \text { Blood agar } & \text { Beta } & \text { Gamma } \\\hline \text { Mannitol salt agar } & -& + \text { growth and } + \text { fermentation } \\\hline\end{array}$ $\begin{array}{|l|r|}\hline \text { Pseudomonas }&\text { P. aeruginosa }\\\hline \text { Catalase }&+\\\hline\text { Oxidase }&+\\\hline\text { Motile }&+\\\hline\text { Blood agar }&\text { Beta }\\\hline\text { Glucose fermentation }&+\\\hline\text { Escherichia }&\text { E. coli }\\\hline\text { Lactose fermentation }&+\\\hline\text { Motile }&+\\\hline\text { Citrate fermentation }&-\\\hline\text { Urease }&-\\\hline\text { Catalase }&+\\\hline\end{array}$