Question 1

Define ECF and ICF.

Accepted Answer

The ECF,or extracellular fluid...

Question 2

Antidiuretic hormone does not

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibit water intake.
B)  increase thirst.
C)  cause water to shift out of the ICF.
D)  increase ECF volume.
E)  increase ECF sodium concentration.F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 3

When the pH of the extracellular fluid drops,the kidneys

Accepted Answer

A)  excrete more hydrogen ions.
B)  excrete more bicarbonate ions.
C)  reabsorb bicarbonate ions.
D)  excrete more hydrogen ions and excrete more bicarbonate ions.
E)  excrete more hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate ions.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 4

A(n) ________ consists of a combination of a weak acid and its associated anion.

Accepted Answer

A)  water balance
B)  exchange pump
C)  leak channel
D)  fixed acid
E)  buffer systemF) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 5

With regard to fluid balance,water gains occur primarily in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiopulmonary system.
B)  digestive tract.
C)  kidneys.
D)  lungs.
E)  liver.F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

Prolonged vomiting can result in

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis.
B)  respiratory alkalosis.
C)  metabolic acidosis.
D)  metabolic alkalosis.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Which buffers/buffer system exist(s) only in intracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma protein buffers
B)  the hemoglobin buffer system
C)  amino acid buffers
D)  the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
E)  the phosphate buffer systemF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

Which body system is not involved in fluid,electrolyte,and acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiovascular
B)  muscular
C)  integumentary
D)  endocrine
E)  All systems produce metabolic wastes and therefore are involved in fluid and electrolyte balance.F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 9

Which organs are primarily responsible for regulating the potassium ion concentration in the ECF?

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs
B)  kidneys
C)  adrenal glands
D)  lymph nodes
E)  intestinesF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 10

The principal cation in cytoplasm is

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium.
B)  potassium.
C)  calcium.
D)  magnesium.
E)  chloride.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by

Accepted Answer

A)  sweating.
B)  the kidneys.
C)  the liver.
D)  the feces.
E)  buffers.F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 12

Why does potassium concentration rise in patients with acidosis? What is this called? What effects does it have?

Accepted Answer

When pH is low,hydrogen ion levels in th...

Question 13

Identify routes of fluid loss from the body.

Accepted Answer

A)  Water can be lost during the production of saliva and gastric secretions,and by urination and in feces.
B)  Water can be lost during anabolism,and in the production of bile and gastric secretions.
C)  Water can be lost during urination,evaporation at skin and lungs,and in feces.
D)  Water can be lost during catabolism and anabolism.
E)  Water can be lost during catabolism,by evaporation at skin and lungs,and by urination.F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 14

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  consequence of hyperventilation,for example in fever or mental illness
B)  consequence of prolonged vomiting
C)  consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation,for example due to emphysema
D)  consequence of tissue hypoxia,for example in ischemic conditionsE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Small amounts of ________ acids are generated during the catabolism of amino acids and compounds that contain phosphate groups

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed
B)  organic
C)  volatileD) A) and B)
E) B) and C)

Question 16

A person who consumes large amounts of sodium bicarbonate ("baking soda") to settle an upset stomach risks

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis.
B)  respiratory alkalosis.
C)  metabolic acidosis.
D)  metabolic alkalosis.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

What would happen to the blood PCO2 of a patient who has an airway obstruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood PCO2 would increase,resulting in respiratory acidosis.
B)  Blood PCO2 would increase,resulting in respiratory alkalosis.
C)  Blood PCO2 would decrease,resulting in respiratory acidosis.
D)  Blood PCO2 would decrease,resulting in respiratory alkalosis.
E)  Blood PCO2 would increase,resulting in metabolic acidosis.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

Define hypokalemia and hyperkalemia.

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypokalemia is defined as blood Na+ levels below 136 mEq/L and hyperkalemia is defined as blood Na+ levels above 145 mEq/L.
B)  Hypokalemia is defined as blood Na+ levels above 145 mEq/L and hyperkalemia is defined as blood Na+ levels below 136 mEq/L.
C)  Hypokalemia is defined as blood K+ levels below 3.5 mEq/L and hyperkalemia is defined as blood K+ levels above 5.0 mEq/L.
D)  Hypokalemia is defined as blood K+ levels above 5.0 mEq/L and hyperkalemia is defined as blood K+ levels below 3.5 mEq/L.
E)  Hypokalemia is defined as blood pH below 7.35 and hyperkalemia is defined as blood pH above 7.45.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

When water is lost,but electrolytes are retained,

Accepted Answer

A)  the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid falls.
B)  osmosis moves water from the intracellular fluid to the extracellular fluid.
C)  both the extracellular fluid and the intracellular fluid become more dilute.
D)  there is an increase in the volume of the intracellular fluid.
E)  None of the answers is correct.F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 20

Fred has emphysema,a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Blood tests show that his pH is low but almost normal,yet his bicarbonate levels are elevated significantly.How can this be? What would urinalysis show?

Accepted Answer

Emphysema limits ventilation in the alve...

Exam 25: Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

Define hypokalemia and hyperkalemia.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory acidosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With regard to fluid balance,water gains occur primarily in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which buffers/buffer system exist(s) only in intracellular fluid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A(n) ________ consists of a combination of a weak acid and its associated anion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When water is lost,but electrolytes are retained,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prolonged vomiting can result in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The principal cation in cytoplasm is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify routes of fluid loss from the body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fred has emphysema,a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Blood tests show that his pH is low but almost normal,yet his bicarbonate levels are elevated significantly.How can this be? What would urinalysis show?

Correct AnswerverifiedEmphysema limits ventilation in the alve...View AnswerShow Answer

Which organs are primarily responsible for regulating the potassium ion concentration in the ECF?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person who consumes large amounts of sodium bicarbonate ("baking soda") to settle an upset stomach risks

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which body system is not involved in fluid,electrolyte,and acid-base balance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does potassium concentration rise in patients with acidosis? What is this called? What effects does it have?

Correct AnswerverifiedWhen pH is low,hydrogen ion levels in th...View AnswerShow Answer

Antidiuretic hormone does not

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Small amounts of ________ acids are generated during the catabolism of amino acids and compounds that contain phosphate groups

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What would happen to the blood PCO2 of a patient who has an airway obstruction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the pH of the extracellular fluid drops,the kidneys

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Define ECF and ICF.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe ECF,or extracellular fluid...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Emphysema limits ventilation in the alve...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
When pH is low,hydrogen ion levels in th...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What would happen to the blood PCO₂ of a patient who has an airway obstruction?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The ECF,or extracellular fluid...
View Answer