Question 1

Which of the following is not true regarding B-cell receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)   They bind with specific antigens.
B)   They cause B cells to produce plasma cells and memory B cells when activated.
C)   They may never encounter the antigen which binds to them.
D)   They are identical to the antibodies produced by plasma cells, which they activated.
E)   They may be changed by the B cell in response to whatever pathogen is present.F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 2

Long-term immunity to diseases such as measles occurs because

Accepted Answer

A)   memory mast cells produce antibodies in response to pathogens entering the body.
B)   plasma cells remain in the immune system to protect the body.
C)   memory B cells are produced in response to specific pathogens.
D)   neutrophils remain in the blood to phagocytize any new measles pathogens.
E)   helper T cells continue to produce cytokines indefinitely.F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 3

Immediate allergic responses occur when

Accepted Answer

A)   IgE antibodies in red blood cells cause destruction of allergens.
B)   IgE antibodies in mast cells attach to allergens, releasing histamines.
C)   cytotoxic T cells produce histamine in response to allergens.
D)   memory T cells release cytokines in response to allergens.
E)   memory B cells respond to the presence of an allergen.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

_____ cells are nonspecific, destroying cells which do not exhibit "self" proteins.

Accepted Answer

A)   Complement
B)   Mast
C)   Natural killer
D)   Helper T
E)   PlasmaF) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 5

What type of cells make up the filter seen in lymph nodes and the red pulp of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

A)   T lymphocytes
B)   B lymphocytes
C)   mast cells
D)   macrophages
E)   areolar tissueF) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 6

Active immunity involves all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)   exposure to a pathogen either naturally or by vaccination.
B)   memory B cells responding to a second exposure to the same pathogen.
C)   receiving mother's antibodies through the placenta and breast-feeding.
D)   passive or active mechanisms.
E)   the stimulation of a nonspecific immune defense.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 7

HIV is contracted mainly by rectal intercourse.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which statement about delayed allergic reactions is the most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Memory T cells initiate the response at the site in which the allergen contacts the body.
B)   Cytotoxic T cells initiate the response at the site in which the allergen contacts the body.
C)   Memory T cells initiate the response at the site in which the antibodies contact the body.
D)   The response can occur within a matter of seconds.
E)   The response can lead to a sudden drop in blood pressure that can be life-threatening.F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

Antibodies are _____ proteins, while antigens that elicit an immune reaction are _____ proteins.

Accepted Answer

A)   bacterial; self-produced
B)   self-produced; foreign
C)   self-produced; also self-produced
D)   cancer; bacterial
E)   viral; self-producedF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 10

What is the effect of T cells not undergoing apoptosis after the defeat of an infection?

Accepted Answer

A)   An HIV infection may result.
B)   Leukemia or lymphoma may result.
C)   The future immunity is that much stronger.
D)   An autoimmune disease may result.
E)   An allergy may result.F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 11

In this figure, "B" represents _____ which is released by "A", _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   histamine; mast cells
B)   histamine; neutrophils
C)   antibodies; mast cells
D)   pathogens; bacteria
E)   antibodies; B cellsF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 12

This figure represents

Accepted Answer

A)   the events of the inflammatory response.
B)   the first stages of immunity.
C)   the complement system.
D)   the antibody response.
E)   the effects of an immunization on the blood.F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

What structures do the lymphocytes "recognize" in order to participate in active immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)   antigens on the pathogen cell membrane
B)   antigens within the DNA of the pathogen
C)   protein complexes on the pathogen that bind with the lymphocyte DNA
D)   phospholipids of the pathogen cell membrane
E)   RNA complexes within the pathogen cell membraneF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

Approximately what percentage of T lymphocytes leave the thymus?

Accepted Answer

A)   5%
B)   10%
C)   50%
D)   75%
E)   24%F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 15

The immune system plays a significant role in fighting infections and cancer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What organisms are commonly used to mass-produce vaccines?

Accepted Answer

A)   bacteria
B)   viruses
C)   cattle
D)   pigs
E)   humansF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

In this figure, "A" is acting as an)

Accepted Answer

A)   antigen-presenting cell.
B)   helper T cell.
C)   neutrophil.
D)   antibody.
E)   plasma cell.F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

Which body system plays the smallest role in preventing and fighting an infection?

Accepted Answer

A)   digestive system
B)   skeletal system
C)   cardiovascular system
D)   lymphatic system
E)   integumentary systemF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

Macrophages present antigens to T cells by digesting the pathogen and placing the pathogen's antigens on the macrophage plasma membrane along with an MHC "self" protein.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Doctors can easily examine lymph nodes to see if a patient is fighting disease because

Accepted Answer

A)   many lymph nodes are superficial.
B)   all lymph nodes are superficial.
C)   lymph nodes become hot when fighting disease.
D)   lymph nodes secrete pus when fighting an infection.
E)   lymph nodes are concentrated in the abdomen.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Exam 26: Defenses Against Disease

Antibodies are _____ proteins, while antigens that elicit an immune reaction are _____ proteins.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Immediate allergic responses occur when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What structures do the lymphocytes "recognize" in order to participate in active immunity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The immune system plays a significant role in fighting infections and cancer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What organisms are commonly used to mass-produce vaccines?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the effect of T cells not undergoing apoptosis after the defeat of an infection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true regarding B-cell receptors?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ cells are nonspecific, destroying cells which do not exhibit "self" proteins.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In this figure, "B" represents _____ which is released by "A", _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In this figure, "A" is acting as an)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement about delayed allergic reactions is the most accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of cells make up the filter seen in lymph nodes and the red pulp of the spleen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Active immunity involves all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which body system plays the smallest role in preventing and fighting an infection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Long-term immunity to diseases such as measles occurs because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

This figure represents

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Macrophages present antigens to T cells by digesting the pathogen and placing the pathogen's antigens on the macrophage plasma membrane along with an MHC "self" protein.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Doctors can easily examine lymph nodes to see if a patient is fighting disease because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Approximately what percentage of T lymphocytes leave the thymus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

HIV is contracted mainly by rectal intercourse.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antibodies are _ proteins, while antigens that elicit an immune reaction are _ proteins.

Correct Answer
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In this figure, "B" represents _ which is released by "A", _.

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