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The tendency for people to exert less effort when they are pooling their efforts toward a common goal is known as


A) deindividuation.
B) social facilitation.
C) social loafing.
D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Cathy's friends see her as an emotional "downer." When she arrives at a party where everyone is laughing,the laughing and fun end.This change in her friends' behavior illustrates


A) groupthink.
B) informational social influence.
C) mood linkage.
D) deindividuation.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Research has found that male directors of 1000 popular films outnumber female directors by


A) 5 to 1.
B) 16 to 1.
C) 21 to 1.
D) 24 to 1.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Behaving with unselfish concern for the welfare of others is called


A) social exchange theory.
B) passionate love.
C) companionate love.
D) altruism.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Whether it's cheering,clapping,or rope pulling,people tend to expend less effort on collective tasks than they do when performing the same task alone,a phenomenon called


A) social loafing.
B) groupthink.
C) social facilitation.
D) deindividuation.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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After Ravi lost the student election for president of his high school class,he spread false rumors intended to spoil the newly chosen president's reputation.Ravi's behavior is best explained in terms of


A) hindsight bias.
B) outgroup homogeneity.
C) the frustration-aggression principle.
D) implicit associations.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Brandon is 16 years old and volunteers in his community each week.What is this behavior likely to promote?


A) adhering to social norms
B) a compassionate identity
C) reduced cognitive dissonance
D) the central route to persuasion

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Informational social influence is defined as


A) influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval from others.
B) improved performance on simple tasks in the presence of others.
C) adjusting our behavior to coincide with a group standard.
D) influence resulting from the acceptance of others' opinions about reality.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Ty Ling was worried that something bad would happen to her daughter if she went away to college.When her daughter called and told her that her computer had been stolen,Ty Ling said,"I knew something bad would happen if you left home for college." Ty Ling's comments illustrate


A) scapegoating.
B) the other-race effect.
C) the just-world phenomenon.
D) hindsight bias.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Although the leaders of two enemy nations admit to a buildup of their own military forces,each sees the other country's actions as unreasonable and motivated by evil intentions.This situation best illustrates


A) a social trap.
B) the mere exposure effect.
C) the reciprocity norm.
D) mirror-image perceptions.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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D

Antonio,who averages 28 points a game for his basketball team,scored only 8 points in tonight's game.The other players believe that he was "slacking off," but in reality he was playing despite an injury.Antonio's teammates have committed


A) cognitive dissonance.
B) the fundamental attribution error.
C) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
D) an attitude.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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In Milgram's original obedience study,if the "teacher" protested that he wished to stop or that he was worried about the "learner's" safety,what did the experimenter do?


A) The experimenter immediately stopped the experiment.
B) The experimenter ignored the protests.
C) The experimenter said,"The experiment requires that you continue."
D) The experimenter offered the "teacher" more money to continue.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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The practice of covering your mouth when you cough best illustrates the impact of


A) genetic predispositions.
B) informational social influence.
C) division of labor.
D) norms.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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D

The social psychologist who is best known for his pioneering studies of conformity is


A) Solomon Asch.
B) Stanley Milgram.
C) Leon Festinger.
D) Philip Zimbardo.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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People's preference for mirror-image photographs of themselves illustrates the impact of


A) the bystander effect.
B) mirror-image perceptions.
C) the mere exposure effect.
D) self-disclosure.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Compared with central route persuasion,peripheral route persuasion tends to


A) be more durable.
B) occur more rapidly.
C) be more likely to influence behavior.
D) involve a greater number of logical arguments.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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B

After three months of riding the 8:30 bus to work,Cindy has actually started to feel affection for the gruff and scowling old bus driver.Cindy's reaction best illustrates


A) the reciprocity norm.
B) the mere exposure effect.
C) mirror-image perceptions.
D) the bystander effect.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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After the participants in the Milgram obedience studies were informed of the deception and the real intent of the study,virtually none of them regretted taking part in the study.The lack of regret was most likely because of their reduced


A) groupthink.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) group polarization.
D) deindividuation.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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During a riot,a large sporting event,or mob action,people may lose self-awareness and self-restraint.This is known as


A) normative social influence.
B) social facilitation.
C) deindividuation.
D) social loafing.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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After a year-long drought,the city of Pine Bluffs has banned all lawn sprinkling.Many residents believe,however,that continued watering of their own lawn will have little effect on total water reserves.Consequently,there is a disastrous drain on city water reserves caused by widespread illegal sprinkling.This incident best illustrates the dynamics of


A) a reciprocity norm.
B) social traps.
C) the bystander effect.
D) diffusion of responsibility.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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